Bootable SD Card Cloning
(OpenSuse 11.4)- DISCLAIMER
- If you don't know what you do, you can seriously damage your system with the commands used in this post. Please DOUBLE CHECK any command you run, and be absolutely sure to understand what it does before hitting "ENTER" or copy/paste as a dumb. If you are in doubt, DON'T DO IT! You have been warned.
- Solution 1: use clonezilla
- Solution 2: you want to do it manually for some reason
You must follow the steps below:
- Partition the target SD card
- Format the target SD card
- Copy the system directories
/etc/fstabadapting- Install the bootloader
/dev/sdc and the source being dev/sdg.My system language setting is Italian, so some of the outputs shown here are in italian.
Partitioning & Formatting
/dev/sdc must be unmounted.Start fdisk:
# fdisk /dev/sdc
Delete all the existing partitions (usually one):
Comando (m per richiamare la guida): d Partizione selezionata 1
Create two partitions, one for the system and one for the swap:
Comando (m per richiamare la guida): n
Azione comando
e estesa
p partizione primaria (1-4)
p
Numero della partizione (1-4, predefinito 1):
Utilizzo del valore predefinito 1
Primo settore (2048-62333951, predefinito 2048):
Utilizzo del valore predefinito 2048
Last settore, +settori or +size{K,M,G} (2048-62333951, predefinito 62333951): 61285375
Comando (m per richiamare la guida): n
Azione comando
e estesa
p partizione primaria (1-4)
p
Numero della partizione (1-4, predefinito 2):
Utilizzo del valore predefinito 2
Primo settore (61285376-62333951, predefinito 61285376):
Utilizzo del valore predefinito 61285376
Last settore, +settori or +size{K,M,G} (61285376-62333951, predefinito 62333951):
Utilizzo del valore predefinito 62333951
Comando (m per richiamare la guida): t
Numero della partizione (1-4): 2
Codice esadecimale (digitare L per elencare i codici): 82
Modificato il tipo di sistema della partizione 2 in 82 (Linux swap / Solaris)
Comando (m per richiamare la guida): a
Numero della partizione (1-4): 1
Comando (m per richiamare la guida): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 31.9 GB, 31914983424 bytes
64 testine, 32 settori/tracce, 30436 cilindri, totale 62333952 settori
Unità = settori di 1 * 512 = 512 byte
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Identificativo disco: 0x00000000
Dispositivo Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 * 2048 61285375 30641664 83 Linux
/dev/sdc2 61285376 62333951 524288 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Save and exit:
Comando (m per richiamare la guida): w La tabella delle partizioni è stata alterata! Chiamata di ioctl() per rileggere la tabella delle partizioni. Sincronizzazione dei dischi in corso.
Now format the partitions:
# mkswap /dev/sdc2
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 524284 KiB
nessuna etichetta, UUID=94e66236-e300-4b7d-83aa-c8baaf48c088
#
# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdc1
mke2fs 1.41.14 (22-Dec-2010)
Etichetta del filesystem=
Tipo SO: Linux
Dimensione blocco=4096 (log=2)
Dimensione frammento=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
1916928 inode, 7660416 blocchi
383020 blocchi (5.00%) riservati per l'utente root
Primo blocco dati=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=0
234 gruppi di blocchi
32768 blocchi per gruppo, 32768 frammenti per gruppo
8192 inode per gruppo
Backup del superblocco salvati nei blocchi:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000
Scrittura delle tavole degli inode: fatto
Creating journal (32768 blocks): fatto
Scrittura delle informazioni dei superblocchi e dell'accounting del filesystem: fatto
Questo filesystem verrà automaticamente controllato ogni 20 mount, o
180 giorni, a seconda di quale venga prima. Usare tune2fs -c o -i per cambiare.
#
System Copy
Let's mount the target SD card (being/dev/sdc) and the source (being dev/sdg):# mount /dev/sdc1 /mnt # mount /dev/sdg1 /media/ca11ec65-e12b-4e89-a39a-7cda9482e2d3 # df File system blocchi di 1K Usati Dispon. Uso% Montato su rootfs 15907324 12375740 2723520 82% / devtmpfs 1653368 308 1653060 1% /dev tmpfs 1658796 4 1658792 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda10 15907324 12375740 2723520 82% / /dev/sda3 5162828 3684960 1215608 76% /documents /dev/sda11 23867088 19794348 2860236 88% /home /dev/sda7 15488716 8913140 5788796 61% /local /dev/sda8 10429552 3473932 6531828 35% /download /dev/sda9 1050152 653468 396684 63% /windoc /dev/sda2 25806300 17392260 7103136 72% /virtual /dev/sda11 23867088 19794348 2860236 88% /home/faumarz /dev/sdc1 30160428 176196 28452152 1% /mnt /dev/sdg1 30265344 23713308 5016656 83% /media/ca11ec65-e12b-4e89-a39a-7cda9482e2d3 #
I showed the source
dev/sdg mounted into a /media directory because I let it be mounted by the system.Now we can do the long copy of the system:
cp -av /media/ca11ec65-e12b-4e89-a39a-7cda9482e2d3/bin /mnt cp -av /media/ca11ec65-e12b-4e89-a39a-7cda9482e2d3/boot /mnt cp -av /media/ca11ec65-e12b-4e89-a39a-7cda9482e2d3/dev /mnt cp -av /media/ca11ec65-e12b-4e89-a39a-7cda9482e2d3/etc /mnt cp -av /media/ca11ec65-e12b-4e89-a39a-7cda9482e2d3/home /mnt cp -av /media/ca11ec65-e12b-4e89-a39a-7cda9482e2d3/lib /mnt cp -av /media/ca11ec65-e12b-4e89-a39a-7cda9482e2d3/lib64 /mnt cp -av /media/ca11ec65-e12b-4e89-a39a-7cda9482e2d3/opt /mnt cp -av /media/ca11ec65-e12b-4e89-a39a-7cda9482e2d3/root /mnt cp -av /media/ca11ec65-e12b-4e89-a39a-7cda9482e2d3/sbin /mnt cp -av /media/ca11ec65-e12b-4e89-a39a-7cda9482e2d3/srv /mnt cp -av /media/ca11ec65-e12b-4e89-a39a-7cda9482e2d3/studio /mnt cp -av /media/ca11ec65-e12b-4e89-a39a-7cda9482e2d3/tmp /mnt cp -av /media/ca11ec65-e12b-4e89-a39a-7cda9482e2d3/usr /mnt cp -av /media/ca11ec65-e12b-4e89-a39a-7cda9482e2d3/var /mnt cp -av /media/ca11ec65-e12b-4e89-a39a-7cda9482e2d3/bootincluded_archives.filelist /mnt cp -av /media/ca11ec65-e12b-4e89-a39a-7cda9482e2d3/success /mnt cp -av /media/ca11ec65-e12b-4e89-a39a-7cda9482e2d3/.Trash-0 /mnt cp -av /media/ca11ec65-e12b-4e89-a39a-7cda9482e2d3/.gnupg /mnt mkdir /mnt/flash mkdir /mnt/media mkdir /mnt/mnt mkdir /mnt/proc mkdir /mnt/selinux mkdir /mnt/sys
(Your system can be different: check it)
This will take a long time. Let's take a coffee. (you can also use
dd to do the copy, if you want to wait longer).Bootloader & Friends
I assume you have grub bootloader. OpenSuse is very scared about the damages you can cause to your system using thegrub-install script, and you should be scared, too. OpenSuse is so scared that renamed the script into grub-install.unsupported in order to be really sure that you know what you do when you call it.Old grub versions (OpenSuse 11.4):
grub-install.unsupported --recheck --root-directory=/mnt /dev/sdc
Newer grub versions:
grub-install.unsupported --recheck --boot-directory=/mnt/boot /dev/sdc
The
--recheck options is needed to avoid the following error:/dev/hdc does not have any corresponding BIOS drive
Another way to solve this error is to add the following line to the
/mnt/boot/grub/device.map:(hd2) /dev/hdc
The important thing is that you have to edit the device.map which is in <root-directory>/boot/grub, and NOT the file on the drive you booted from. If you modify the
/mnt/boot/grub/device.map you can also use interactive grub shell instead of grub-install script:# grub --device-map=/mnt/boot/grub/device.map grub> root (hd2,0) root (hd2,0) grub> setup (hd2) setup (hd2) Checking if "/boot/grub/stage1" exists... yes Checking if "/boot/grub/stage2" exists... yes Checking if "/boot/grub/fat_stage1_5" exists... no Running "install /boot/grub/stage1 (hd2) /boot/grub/stage2 p /boot/grub/menu.lst "... succeeded Done. grub> quit
Now check the
/mnt/etc/fstab file and be sure that its content are the desired mountings for the target system, in particular the swap partition should be /dev/sda2 (supposing that your system boots the SD card considering it as /dev/sda).I suggest also to check the
/mnt/boot/grub/menu.lst in order to be sure that the booting references to the hard disk partitions are correctly referred to /dev/sda (or whatever your system will consider as boot device).
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